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AbstractAbstract
[en] In 1971, a 25 m2 wall panelled with tiles containing uranium was accidentally found in a 10 year-old one-family house. During production of these ceramic tiles, uranium had been added to the glazing as a pigment in order to achieve a reddish-brown colouring. Measurements on one tile established a uranium content of about 4 mg/cm2 in the surface glazing of about 0.1 mm thickness. Further studies provided information on the radionuclide composition, the abrasion resistance of the glazing, the intensity of the emitted α-, β-, and γ-radiation as well as on the dose rate and the resulting radiation load of the occupants of the house. The dose rate was 3 mrem/h on the surface of the wall facing, and 1 mrem/h was still measured in 1 m distance. These values by far exceed the normal dose rate due to natural radiation in buildings, which is about 0.01 mrem/h. More than 99% of this increased dose rate was due to the β-radiation emitted by the radioactive uranium daughters. The owner of the house was advised to cover the wall with a wood panelling in order to reduce the radiation exposure in front of the tiled wall. (orig./AK)
[de]
Im Jahre 1971 wurde durch Zufall in einem 10 Jahre vorher erbauten Einfamilienhaus eine mit uranhaltigen Fliesen verkleidete Wandflaeche von 25 m2 Ausdehnung aufgefunden. Bei der Herstellung der verwendeten Keramikfliesen war der Glasur - zur Erzeugung der rotbraunen Faerbung - Uran als Farbkoerper beigemischt. Die an einer Fliese vorgenommenen Messungen ergaben in der etwa 0,1 mm starken Oberflaechenglasur einen Urangehalt von ca. 4 mg/cm2. Weitere Untersuchungen gaben Auskunft ueber die Radionuklid-Zusammensetzung, die Abriebfestigkeit der Glasur, die Intensitaet der ausgesandten Alpha-, Beta- und Gammastrahlung, sowie die Hoehe der Dosisleistung und die hieraus resultierende Strahlenbelastung fuer die Bewohner des Hauses. An der Oberflaeche der Fliesenwand betrug die Dosisleistung 3 mrem/h, in einem Meter Abstand wurden noch 1 mrem/h gemessen. Diese Messwerte liegen weit ueber der von Natur aus in Wohngebaeuden vorhandenen Dosisleistung in Hoehe von etwa 0,01 mrem/h. Die erhoehte Dosisleistung war zu ueber 99% auf die von den radioaktiven Folgeprodukten des Urans ausgesandte Betastrahlung zurueckzufuehren. Zur Reduzierung der Strahlenbelastung beim Aufenthalt vor der Fliesenwand wurde dem Besitzer des Wohnhauses eine Verkleidung der Wand mit einer Holztaefelung empfohlen. (orig.)Original Title
Radioaktivitaet und Strahlenbelastung durch keramische Wandverkleidungen mit uranhaltiger Farbglasur
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Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V., Karlsruhe (F.R. Germany); Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V., Muenchen (F.R. Germany); p. 523-536; 1974; Annual meeting of the Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V. in cooperation with the Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V; Helgoland, F.R. Germany; 23 Sep 1974; 3 figs.; 4 tabs.; 3 refs. Available from ZAED.
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Data presented at public hearings regarding the health hazards to the human population from Pu released to the environment are presented. Data on the biological radiation effects of incorporated Pu in laboratory animals are reviewed and the possible hazards of lung carcinogenesis in man following the inhalation of PuO2 particles are discussed. Comments from scientists and the public that reflect apprehension as to the hazards from Pu released to the environment are included. (CH)
Original Title
Impact of release of Pu to the environment on health of human populations
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Oct 1974; 702 p; Proceedings of public hearings on plutonium and the other transuranium elements; Denver, Colorado, USA; 10 Jan 1975; CONF-750133--P3; Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS, CARCINOGENESIS, ENVIRONMENT, EXTRAPOLATION, HEALTH HAZARDS, HUMAN POPULATIONS, INHALATION, INTERNAL IRRADIATION, LABORATORY ANIMALS, LUNGS, MAN, MEETINGS, NEOPLASMS, PARTICLES, PLUTONIUM, PLUTONIUM OXIDES, RADIATION EFFECTS, RADIATION PROTECTION, RADIONUCLIDE KINETICS, RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION, SAFETY STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS, TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS
ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS, ACTINIDES, ANIMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BODY, CHALCOGENIDES, DISEASES, DOCUMENT TYPES, ELEMENTS, HAZARDS, INTAKE, IRRADIATION, KINETICS, MAMMALS, METALS, NUMERICAL SOLUTION, ORGANS, OXIDES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PATHOGENESIS, PLUTONIUM COMPOUNDS, POPULATIONS, PRIMATES, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, TRANSURANIUM COMPOUNDS, VERTEBRATES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Two methods of tomosynthesis (opto-holographic method, electronic tomosynthesis) are described, allowing the reduction of the patient's exposure time as well as the radiation exposure levels
[fr]
On indique deux methodes de synthese des tomogrammes (methode opto-halographique, tomosynthese electronique) qui permettent de reduire la duree de l'exposition du patient ainsi que la dose absorbeeOriginal Title
Reduction de la dose de rayonnement recue par un patient grace a la synthese de tomogrammes
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Instruments et Laboratoires; (no.69); p. 11-13
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Concrete rocks from a mixture of cement, limestone soil, gravel and water were prepared; before drying, the rocks were contaminated with 80ml of a 90Sr solution at 3.2 μCi/ml. That part of the incorporated radio-element may be transferred from the rocks into water, either by surface leaching or by total immersion of the solid materials. The percentage of activity retained in the water quickly reaches a maximum before decreasing. Following these preliminary observations, colonies of a calcareous terrestrial moss (Grimmia orbicularis Bruch) were implanted in cracks on the surface of the radioactive rocks, and left for two years in a forest clearing on the Cadarache property. The highest activities in the young stalks, as in the older parts of the gametophytes, coincide each year with the moment of maximum rainfall in autumn, winter and spring, seasons during which the bryophytes are constantly moist and when the vegetal activity is at its peak. These values do not remain constant, however, and tend to decrease towards the end of the rainy periods. The quantity of radio-element transferred from the rocks, by leaching or by simple immersion in water, decreased towards the end of laboratory experiments. It may thus be inferred that in nature, inactive rainfall acts as a decontaminating agent in the long run
[fr]
On a confectionne des cailloux de beton, a partir d'un melange de ciment, de terre calcaire, de gravier et d'eau contamines, avant sechage, avec 80 ml de solution de 90Sr a 3,2 μCi/ml. On montre qu'une partie du radioelement incorpore est susceptible de passer des cailloux dans l'eau, soit par lessivage superficiel, soit par immersion complete des solides. Le pourcentage d'activite retenu par l'eau atteint alors rapidement un maximum a partir duquel il decroit. Apres ces observations preliminaires, on implante des colonies de mousse calcicole terrestre: Grimmia orbicularis Bruch dans des fissures menagees a la surface des blocs radioactifs et on les abandonne pendant deux ans dans une clairiere de la foret domaniale de Cadarche. Les activites les plus elevees des tiges jeunes, comme des parties agees des gametophytes, coincident chaque annee avec les maxima pluviometriques d'automne et d'hiver, ainsi que de printemps, saisons pendant lesquelles les bryophytes restent humides en permanence et ont l'activite vegetative la plus intense. Toutefois ces valeurs ne se maintiennent pas a un niveau constant et tendent a decroitre vers la fin des periodes pluvieuses. On a vu que la quantite de radioelement, entrainee a partir des cailloux par l'eau de lessivage ou par simple immersion devient plus faible vers la fin des experiences de laboratoire. On peut alors supposer que, dans la nature, les chutes d'eau de pluie inactive ont la faculte de jouer a la longue un role decontaminantOriginal Title
Approche experimentale sur les possibilites de transfert du 90Sr d'un substrat solide a une mousse terrestre: Grimmia orbicularis Bruch
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Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France; v. 121(7); p. 235-249
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[en] Studies on the effect of 60Co-gamma rays on germinating wheat seeds reveal that low doses cause gradual acceleration in the activity of oxido-reductase group of enzymes thus providing the seedlings with an improved system of protection against protoplasmic injuries by their decreased peroxide decomposing efficiency and are, therefore, stimulating. Higher doses cause continuous retardation of enzymatic activities and are thus deleterious. (author)
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6 refs.
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Indian Society for Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture and Biology, Newsletter; v. 3(2); p. 29-30
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[en] The production rates of carbon dioxide in the rumen of buffalo calves have been measured by single injection isotope dilution technique. One group of calves received 11 percent less proteins and the other 20 percent more than that recommended by the NRC. About 258 Ci of NaH1CO3 was injected in a single dose into the rumen through a cannula and mixed manually with the rumen contents. Samples of the rumen liquor were drawn for 560 min and were analysed for the specifiradioactivity of carbon dioxide. The decline in the specific radioactivity as a function of time was fitted to an equation. The dilution curves were described by a sum of 2 exponential components. Mathematical equations were used to estimate the total CO2 entry rates in the rumen. There was a wide individual variation in the production rates of CO2 between the individual animals. The production rates were not satistically significant between the two groups. (author)
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10 refs.
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Indian Society for Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture and Biology, Newsletter; v. 3(3); p. 65-66
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[en] The distribution of the mean natural radiation exposure in the FRG is of the utmost importance for the assessment of the additional population exposure to radionuclides emitted by nuclear facilities. Maps on the cosmic, terrestric, and total natural radiation exposure in the FRG were established on the basis of data on the height dependence of the cosmic radiation exposure and measurements of the terrestric radiation exposure in the FRG published in 1960 by the Niedersaechsisches Landesamt fuer Bodenforschung. These maps are based on an assumed average person spending 80% of the day in buildings and 20% outdoors. A calibration error was found in the measurements of the terrestric radiation exposure by the Niedersaechsisches Landesamt fuer Bodenforschung. After correction, the measured values now agree with the data published by other research groups. The mean cosmic population exposure should be about 33 mrem/a, the mean terrestrial radiation exposure between 50 and 55 mrem/a, and the total natural radiation exposure about 105 mrem/a. (orig./AK)
[de]
Fuer die Bewertung der zusaetzlichen Strahlenbelastung der Bevoelkerung durch die aus kerntechnischen Anlagen freigesetzten Radionuklide in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist die Verteilung der mittleren natuerlichen Strahlenbelastung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von groesster Wichtigkeit. Ausgehend von 1960 durch das Niedersaechsische Landesamt fuer Bodenforschung veroeffentlichten Daten ueber die Hoehenabhaengigkeit der kosmischen Strahlenbelastung und Messungen der terrestrischen Strahlenbelastung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurden Karten ueber die kosmische, terrestrische und gesamte natuerliche Strahlenbelastung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland erstellt. Es wurde von einem Durchschnittsmenschen, der sich 80% am Tage in Haeusern und 20% ausserhalb von Haeusern aufhaelt, ausgegangen. Bei den Messungen der terrestrischen Strahlenbelastung durch das Niedersaechsische Landesamt fuer Bodenforschung wurde ein Eichfehler festgestellt. Nach der Korrektur stimmen die Messergebnisse nun mit den von anderen Arbeitsgruppen veroeffentlichten ueberein. Die mittlere kosmische Strahlenbelastung der Gesamtbevoelkerung duerfte um 33 mrem/a, die mittlere terrestrische Strahlenbelastung zwischen 50 und 55 mrem/a und die gesamte natuerliche Strahlenbelastung um 105 mrem/a liegen. (orig./ORU)Original Title
Die natuerliche Strahlenbelastung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V., Karlsruhe (F.R. Germany); Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V., Muenchen (F.R. Germany); p. 590-604; 1974; Annual meeting of the Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V. in cooperation with the Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V; Helgoland, F.R. Germany; 23 Sep 1974; 11 figs.; 21 refs. Available from ZAED.
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[en] The natural gamma background radiation, as one of the distinct factors defining the status of natural environment has been measured in certain regions of Poland for several years. Monitoring of the gamma background dose rate level permits the evaluation of population exposure in wide areas of the country by using comparatively simple methods and techniques of measurement. The paper discusses the methods used and the results obtained from the measurements made in Poland by the Dosimetry Department of Central Laboratory for Radiation Protection Warsaw. (orig./ORU)
[de]
Die natuerliche γ-Strahlung als wesentlicher Faktor zur Definition des Status der natuerlichen Umwelt wird in bestimmten Gebieten Polens schon seit einigen Jahren gemessen. Die Messung der Dosisleistung der natuerlichen γ-Strahlung ermoeglicht die Bestimmung der Strahlenbelastung der Bevoelkerung in weiten Teilen des Landes mit relativ einfachen Methoden und Messtechniken. Die Arbeit diskutiert die Methoden und Ergebnisse der von der Dosimetrischen Abteilung des Zentrallabors fuer Strahlenschutz in Warschau vorgenommenen Messungen. (orig./AK)Primary Subject
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Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V., Karlsruhe (F.R. Germany); Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V., Muenchen (F.R. Germany); p. 570-589; 1974; Annual meeting of the Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V. in cooperation with the Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V; Helgoland, F.R. Germany; 23 Sep 1974; 8 figs.; 2 tabs.; 14 refs. Available from ZAED.
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[en] The Ra, Th, and K-40 content of the most important phosphate fertilizers used and authorized in the FRG was determined by γ-spectroscopy. The results, together with statistical data on the consumption and use of fertilizers, were used for an estimation of the contribution of γ-radiation from phosphate fertilizers to the external population exposure in the FRG. (orig./AK)
[de]
Mit der gammaspektrometrischen Methode wurde der Gehalt der wichtigsten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland verwendeten und zugelassenen Phosphatduengemittel an Radium, Thorium und Kalium-40 bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Werte dienten zusammen mit Verbrauchs- und Anwendungsstatistiken zu einer Abschaetzung des Beitrages der Gammastrahlung aus Phosphatduengemitteln zur externen Strahlenexposition der Bevoelkerung in der BRD. (orig.)Original Title
Gehalt an natuerlichen radioaktiven Stoffen in Phosphatduengemitteln und ihr Beitrag zur Strahlenbelastung der Bevoelkerung
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Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V., Karlsruhe (F.R. Germany); Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V., Muenchen (F.R. Germany); p. 537-554; 1974; Annual meeting of the Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V. in cooperation with the Vereinigung Deutscher Strahlenschutzaerzte e.V; Helgoland, F.R. Germany; 23 Sep 1974; 2 figs.; 3 tabs.; 16 refs. Available from ZAED.
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[en] CoCrW alloys can be substituted by NiCrBSi alloys. Effect of components on alloy properties, plasma-powder hard-facing, manufacture and operation of hard-faced parts. (orig.)
[de]
CoCrW-Legierungen koennen durch NiCrBSi-Legierungen ersetzt werden. Der Einfluss der Komponenten auf die Eigenschaften der Legierung, Antragschweissen von Plasmapulver, Herstellung und Betrieb hartgeschweisster Teile. (orig./AK)Original Title
Auftragschweissen hitzebestaendiger Legierungen auf Dichtflaechen der Hochparameterdampfarmaturen
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1974; 9 p; 2. international colloquium on welding in nuclear engineering; Duesseldorf, F.R. Germany; 23 Oct 1974; 13 figs.; 1 tab.; 18 refs. Available from ZAED.
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