[en] This paper addresses the operational health physics practices and procedures at the Clinton P. Anderson Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF); a medium energy, high intensity proton accelerator. The operational philosophy used for control of personnel exposures and radioactive materials is discussed. A particular operation involving the removal of a radioactive beam stop reading in excess of 1000 R/h is described

[en] High energy photons are generated for use in radiation therapy by the decelleration of electrons in metal targets. Fast neutrons are also generated as a result of (γ, n) and (e, e'n) interactions in the target, beam compensator filter, and collimator material. In this work the adsorbed dose to neutrons was measured at the center of a 10 x 10 cm photon beam and 5 cm outside of the beam edge for a number of treatment units. Dose levels due to slow and fast neutrons were also established outside of the treatment rooms and a Bonner sphere neutron spectrometer system was employed to determine the neutron energy spectrum due to stray neutron radiation at each accelerator. For the linac it was found that the neutron dose at the beam center was 0.0039% of the photon dose and values of 0.049% and 0.053% were observed for the Allis Chalmers betatron and the Brown Boveri Betatron. Dose equivalent rates in the range of 0.3 to 22.5 mrem/hr were measured for points outside the treatment rooms when the accelerators were operated at a photon dose rate of 100 rad/min at the treatment position

[en] The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's guidance on meeting ALAP for nuclear reactors (10CFR50, Appendix I) as being implemented and the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed Radiation Protection Standards for the Uranium Fuel Cycle are critically examined. NRC's proposed value of $1000 or a man-rem appears to be too high and to have little effect on effluent control system design, as compared to maximum individual dose limits. EPA appears to have vastly overestimated the effect, based on population dose and health effect risks, and underestimated the cost of their proposed regulations to society. A return to industry regulation based on protection of maximally exposed individuals or critical groups and genetic protection for the population would probably achieve the same results as intended by those regulations based on population dose and at a much less cost to society

[en] A manual has been developed by the Bureau of Radiological Health of the Food and Drug Administration to establish procedures for the routine field testing of cabinet x-ray systems to determine compliance with the Federal Performance Standard for Cabinet X-Ray Systems, 21 CFR 1020.40. The manual provides specific instructions for testing each model of cabinet x-ray system. Results from the inspection are recorded on a data from which is designed to permit automatic data processing

[en] Arizona State University, Phoenix Junior College and the Arizona Atomic Energy Commission presented a unique public information seminar designed to acquaint the layman with Nuclear Energy, Radiation and Man. Participants varied from 18 to 70 years in age with educational levels from high school to graduate degrees. In addition to formal classroom lecture, the participants were taken through the Nuclear Medicine Department at a local hospital and the Radiation Research Laboratory at Arizona State University. The last session was devoted to a panel discussion of nuclear problems with participants selected from the class. The discussion was videotaped and later released by a local TV station

[en] The purpose of this investigation was to document typical differences between the medium and low-energy Victoreen chambers when used in the calibration of superficial x-ray machines. The model 131 medium-energy chamber has been compared with the model 651 low-energy chamber. This study was deemed important from the viewpoint that the 100 R medium-energy condenser chamber has been widely used in the calibration of low-energy x-ray machines and that under certain conditions of low filtration, significant errors could be encountered. The authors data indicate that errors as large as twenty-five percent could be encountered at very low half-value layers such as observed in Beryllium window x-ray tubes. For a half-value layer of 1 mm of aluminum, a ten percent error is indicated. The data also indicate that the medium-energy chamber does not approach its proper response (at the 42 keV calibration point) until a half-value layer of 2 mm of aluminum is obtained

[en] A portable, inexpensive gamma bioassay system has been developed that is sensitive enough to accurately measure body burdens in the nanoCurie range. A single channel pulse height analyzer scaler with a 1'' x 1'' NaI(T1) detector was calibrated with a clinical thyroid counting system using an ORINS neck phantom. Count rate versus activity curves were established for Iodine-125, Iodine-131, and Technetium-99m. Experiences with the gamma bioassay system, including set-up problems and system advantages, will be discussed

[en] An x-ray spectrometric method, using a radioisotopic radiation source, for analyzing plain brasses (binary copper-zinc alloys) has been developed. The alloys are analyzed as such without dissolving them in any solvent. Methods to correct the contribution due to Cu/sub Kβ/ to the Zn/sub Kβ/ intensity, the difference in fluorescent intensity of the two elements under consideration, and the dead time loss are discussed. The configuration of the system is given. The results obtained by the above method are compared with those obtained using atomic absorption spectrometry and with the certified values

[en] The differential equations which govern enhanced diffusion under ion irradiation are solved using recently developed numerical techniques. Accurate time-dependent profiles for vacancies, interstitials, and diffusing atoms are generated thereby with minimal computer time. The theoretical description is improved further by incorporating refined calculations of the atomic displacement rate by energetic ions. Three representative cases of enhanced diffusion are treated in detail: Al diffusion in Al under 100-keV Al irradiation, Al diffusion in Al under uniform irradiation, and W diffusion in W under 100-keV proton irradiation. It is shown that more information may be obtained from the diffused atomic profiles if the irradiation damage rate varies with depth in a known way over the diffusion region. Under this condition, both the shape and the time dependence of the atomic profile are sensitive to the rate coefficient for point-defect annihilation. When the annihilation coefficient is so determined, the point-defect creation rate can be uniquely related to the enhanced atomic diffusion coefficient. Under irradiation with a limited range, the atomic profiles typically pass through a complicated form, but ultimately reach a flat shape with a relatively abrupt drop-off at greater depths. This end condition is qualitatively independent of the detailed structure of the irradiation profile, but the sharpness of the drop-off is a function of the rate coefficient for point-defect annihilation

[en] Legislative Acts and material pertaining to atomic energy are reproduced in this document. Included are the amended Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, Atomic Energy Commission Authorization Acts from fiscal year 1956 through fiscal year 1975, Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Acts of 1975 and 1976, ERDA Authorization Act of 1976, Euratom Cooperation Act of 1958 and Concurrent Resolution, International Atomic Energy Agency Participation Act of 1957, and Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955. Appendixes include atomic energy legislative history, cross references of the 1946 and 1954 Atomic Energy Acts, appropriations from 1947 to 1975, and various energy, military, and international agreements