Synthesis of graphene oxide: chemistry, challenges and opportunities

Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a remarkable nonmaterial with a wide range of applications due to its exceptional properties. In this study, we present a novel approach to the synthesis of graphene oxide, aiming to enhance its structural characteristics and functionalization potential. An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide is described. We have found that eliminating the use of NaNO₃ and increasing the amount of KMnO₄ plays a pivotal role in controlling the oxidation process and tailoring the resulting GO's properties. Characterisation of the synthesised graphene oxide was carried using Raman spectroscopy, XRD and SEM techniques. The results of Raman showed that graphite oxidised by strong oxidants introduced the oxygen atoms into the graphite layer and formed C=O, COOH, C-O-C chemical bonds. XRD results show 20 of 11.74° with inter-layer spacing equal to 7.53nm. SEM images demonstrated ultra thin and homogeneous graphene oxide. (author)